Jaw-motion for can-body-forming machines.



G. W. GRAHAM.

JAW MOTION FOR OANBODY FORMING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAIL 28, 1910.

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c. .W. GRAHAM. JAW MOTION FOR CAN BODY FORMING MACHINES. APPLICATIONI'ILE D JAN. 28, 1910.

Patented 12111 1913.

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. p' romafli 0. w. GRAHAM. JAW MOTION FOB. CAN BODY FORMING MACHINES.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 28, 1910. I

Patented Mar. 11, 1913.

W/T/VESSES G. W. GRAHAM. JAW MOTION FOR 01m BODY FORMING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28, 1910.

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CHARLES W. GRAHAM, or some, NEW YORK JAW-MOTION FOR CAN-BODY-FORMII INGMACHINES.

Application filed January 28, 1910. Serial No. 540,567.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES W. GRAHAM,

residing at Rome, in the county of Oneida and State of New York,haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in J aw- Motio-ns forCan-Body-Forming Machines, of which the following is a specification.This invention relates to can making machinery, and has particularly todo with the body forming mechanism that constitutes a part of suchmachinery.

More specifically, the invention. relates to aforming device of the typein which a blank is presented between a pair of pivoted jaws and anexpansible hornor mandrel, the engagement of the jaws with the blankbending the latter about the horn to give it substantially the finalform of can body desired, and the expansion of the horn causing thepreviously prepared opposite edges of the body to interlock, in a mannerwell understood in the art.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a forming mechanismof'the kind referred to in which the operating parts are' such and soarrangedthat movement of the parts is arrested Where desirable withoutshock of impact.

More specifically stated, an object is to provide a forming mechanism ofthe kind referred to in which the operating parts are such and soarranged thatdead center effects are obtained at various phases of theiroperation where the elimination of shock, strain,vibration andunnecessary movement is especially desirable. i

A further object is to devise an apparatus in which the parts are ofsuch characterand relation that the forming jaws are caused to move atdifferent speeds during different phases of their movement, to the endthat the'jaws may move to a position of engage-.

ment with the blank slowly and positively,

giving amplelime for the-feeding forward of the blank to a positionadjacent the horn, without danger of jarring or displacement, and thatafter the blank has been engaged under pressure the succeeding formmgmovement of the jaws takes place quickly, while the opening movement ofthe jaws also takes place in accordance with the movements of otherparts of the machine, and in view of the operative relation between theforming mechanism and other moving mechanisms.

Still another object is tocorrelate the bumping mechanism with the meansfor moving theforming jaws in such a way as to make for greatersimplicity of construction and insure harmony and sequence ofoperations.

Another object is to provide a bumping mechanism, related to the formingmeans as aforesaid, and of improved construction, whereby-the lastportion of the operative advance of the bumper is made with a rapidnegative acceleration and the return movement withrapid, positiveacceleration, and so that a powerful but not violent compressing actiontakes place, which iscushioned, withal, for the sake of uniformity, andto eliminate unnecessary vibration and noise.

A more specific object of the invention is to associate the mechanismreferred to with other mechanism usually found in can making machinery,in such a way that the ma-' chine shall be particularly compact andsimple.

Other objects and aims,more-or less broad than those stated above, willbe in part obvious and in'part specifically adverted to in the course ofthe following detailed description, in which the elements, combinations,and arrangements of parts constituting the invention are set forth {andthe scope of the Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 11,1913.

application thereof will be indicated in the' appended claims. f

' In the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as a part of thisspecification, and in which I have shown preferred forms of embodimentof the invention and thevarious contributing devices: Figure 1 is afront elevation of a can making machine embodying my invention; Fig. 2is a sectional plan view on the line 22 of Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a verticalsection on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Figs. 4 and 5 are details, in ele'vation and section, respectively, of a connection' for the bumper; Fig.6 1s an elevation,

detached, showing the driving mechanism,

forming jaws, bumper and intermediate linkage, the parts occupying theposition at which the forming jaws are clamping the blank about the hornand the bumper 1s app roaching the end of its operative stroke. ig. 7 isa view similar to ig. 6, but with the parts in their relatively oppositeposition with the driving shaft rotated at approximately one hundred andeighty degrees. I I I Referring to the drawings, wherein is illustrateda machine embodying the above I provide for-the interruption of the feedand other features of my invention, there erably formed integral withthe base portion as shown, in order that alinement and distancerelations between parts may be conserved.

The various operative parts of the machine are driven from the maindrive shaft 2, which extends transvers'ely of the machine near thecentral portion, thereof, journaled in bearings carried by suitablestandards 3 and- 4, and provided exteriorly of the machine with thepulley 5, which may be driven from any suitable source of power.

Main drive shaft 2 is provided with the worm wheel 6, which meshes withthe worm wheel 7 rotating freely on a main operating shaft 8. V

9 indicates a bevel gear pinned upon shaft 8, and '10 a clutch memberkeyed to shaft 8 for reciprocatory movement. A clutch lever, or shipperfork 11 straddles the member 10, the bifurcated end -of the lever beingprovided with friction rollers 12 that engage a circumferentialgroove-13 of the member -10-. Obviously, by moving the lever ll'the.

clutch end 14 of the member 10 may be moved into or out of en agementwith a correspondingly shaped c utch face 15 on the worm wheel,-with theeffect-of positively driving the gear 9 or not as desired.

The gear 9 being fast on the shaft, by its engagement with bevel gear 16drives an upright shaft-17, journaled in a standard 18 that drives,through the intermediary of an epicyclic gear 19, a reciprocatingblankfeeder 21 (see Fig. 3). It is not deemed necessary for the purposes ofthis specification to enter into some of the details of the blankfeeding means. It is sufficient to say that the feeder comprises areciprocating member, provided with spaced spring ressed dogs 22 for;engaging the blanks,said dogs sliding under the blan'kswhen moved in onedirection, and engaging behind them and progressing them forward step bystep by movement in the other direction. Straight line movementis'assured by a depending member 23 that engages a guide-rod 24'suitablysecured in the machine, and member 23 is also connected with the drivenmember of the epicyclic device 19. The oifice of the blank feedingdevice is to present simultaneously to various mechanisms comprisedinthe machine a single blank, in progressively varying stages ofmanufacture. And

given circumstance, as whentwo blanks at one time are presented to themachine by the feeder. -Said means act to disrupt the operative relationbetween the gear 9 and shaft 8 by causing movement of the shipper fork,as explained in my copending application Serial No. 540,568 filed ofeven date. q

The opposite end of shaft 8, which preferably extends through and isjournaled in standards 25 and 26, operates, as by means of eccentrics 27and 28 thereon between standards 25 and 26 and various connected parts,the jaws 29 and 30, whic are adapted to bend the edged blanks abou thehorn 31 which rests against a yoke 32 located centrally of the machine.Shaft 8 also drives, as by means of the crank 34, the bumping mechanism35 employed to press the interlocked flanged portions of the can bodyagainst horn 31. A worm wheel 36, driven from a worm gear 37 on shaft 8,actuates a shaft 38 suitably journaled in the frame parallel to shaft 2,which carries at its opposite ends eccentrics 39, through which areactuated edging devices 40. There is also mounted on shaft 38 a sprocketwheel 41, which drives, as by means of chain 42, a sprocket wheel 44,mounted on a shaft 45 suitably -journaled in the machine frame parallelto shaft 2, but on the other side thereof from the shaft 38. Shaft 45actuates eccentrics 46 at opposite ends thereof, through which areoperated the notchers 47.

48 indicates a crank on the end of shaft 8, exteriorly of the machine,which, through connections 49, 50, and 51 reciprocates the horn expander52.

A mechanism denoted by 54 mounted 'upon the top portion of the machineis adapted to maintain the blanks fiatwise against .the bed or table 55.The blank feeder 21 extends across the machine past notchingdevices'47,-edging devices 40, and to horn 31 and bumper 35,, and by itsreciprocation is adapted, in a manner well understood, to progress ablank over the table to each of said operating mechanisms in turn. i

The foregoing brief description of the machine as a whole is set forthmerely for the sake of clear understanding. Inasmuch as the presentinvention is primarily concerned with the forming jaws, bumper, andtheiri'operative connections details of the remaining partsof themachine, except as above'outlined, w1ll be omitted.

Proceeding accordingly, 31 indicates an eggpanding horn, or mandrel (asto the detai sof which reference is made to my copending applicationfiled of even date herewith), to a position above which a blank isintermittently .fed in the operation of the machine, as alreadydescribed, after receiving treatment from the notchers and edgers. Theblank is left the feeding device resting upon the horn, and the nextoplit) eration is the bending of the blank about the horn.- Thisisaccomplished by the movement of jaws 29 and 30, pivoted at 56 well.

above the horn .in them'achine frame, and having movement toward andfrom each other, the jaws being formed on their opposed faces so thatwhen moved to the closedposition shown inFigs. 1 and 6 they maysubstantially embrace the horn. When in their open position, asindicated in Fig. 7,

the ends of the jaws are-up and out of the way of the blank as it is fedto the horn, and

0f the formed body-as it is withdrawn there-...

ment of the horn expander, is*'at this time in its contracted condition.Jaws 29 and 30 by means of their swinging'movement tightly stretch theblank about the contracted horn, and the oppositely fiangededges slipover one another, Horn 31 isnow ex-v panded through the properly timedmove-- ment. of its expander, thus causing the hooked edges tointerlock, one with another. The bumper 35,- is slowly forced upwardly,

contacts the interlocked edges and clenches' the same, by driving theminto a groove 58, formed in an edging steel carried by the horn, withconsiderable force. The bumper is then quickly retracted, and the hornbe-- ing allowed to contract by means of the movement ,of its expander,and the jaws swung upwardly, the feed pawls take against the rear [edgeof the can body and move it away from the horn.

The mechanism, as above referred t0,.and its mode of operation is moreor less familiar, but in its embodiment herein disclosed it possessescertain features of utility and advantage, due to construction andarrangement of parts now to be described, referring particularly to theforming jaws, and their operative connections. I 2

Movement of jaws 29 and 30 about pivot 56 is brought about throughconnections with eccentrics 27 and 28 on shaft 8, respectively; andinasmuch as the jaws, with their connected parts are similar, theexplanation will be confined to one of them.

Extending from the eccentric strap 59 of eccentric 27 is an eccentricrod 60, whose outer end is pivoted to a lever 61, intermediate the endsthereof, as at 62, said lever being pivoted as at 63 to a cross piece 64of the machine frame. Pivoted to the free end of lever 61 as at 65 is alink 66, adjust-- able as to length as by means of a turnbuckle, orright-and-left connection 67. At its upper end the link is pivotallyconnected to the free end 68 of a controlling arm 69, which is pivotedinthe upper part of the machine frame, as at 70. Pivoted to the free endof arm69, preferably also at 68, is the end of a link7l, whose other endis pivoted, I as at 72, to one end 74 of a bell-crank lever,

pivoted in the machine frame as at 7 6, and whose other end 77 ispivoted, as at'78, to one end of a link 79 that is adjustable as tolength and pivoted at its other end to the jaw 29, adjacent the jawpivot56.

It may beadditionally stated that the parts above set forth are of suchlengths and so related that they constitute a connection between theshaft 8 and jaw 29 whereby the movement of the aw is-arrested, withoutshock or impact, when it reaches its closed position (Fig. 6) and whenit reaches its open position (Fig. 7) at the ends of half revolutions ofthe shaft respectively. This resultis due to thefact that the arm 77 ofthe bell crank and the link 79 constitute a a toggle which isstraightened, as in Fig. 6, at "the end of one-half revolution of theshaft 8 when jaw 29 is inits closed position while at the end of thesecond half revolution, as in Fig. 7, when the jaw is in its openposition, a dead center condition is established between thepivotpoints68, 70 and 76. Furthermore, when the jaw-*is in the position of Fig. 6,at the end of the first half-revolution of shaft 8, a dead center'condition is established between shaft 8,

eccentric 27, and pivot 62, while a similar condition arises when'shaft.8 has reached the end of its second half-revolution, as in Fig. 7, whenthe jaw is in its open position. Thus the connection between'shaft 8 andthe jaw provides a self-contained check effective at the ends of theopening and closing movements thereof, without impact with or theintervention of extraneous elements. In addition to attaining thisimportant result, the jaw operating mechanism is so constructed andarranged, as shown, that it transmits the driving movement of the shaftto the jaw sothat the jaw moves at. varying speeds, in view of themovements of other parts of the assembled machine. For example, in thepresent device the parts are such and so related that the to-and-fromovement of the above the line of the bla'nk .is accomplished in aninterval of time substantially equal to that in Which the to-and-fromovement of the jaw below the tin-line takesv 'place. For the mostpractical engagement of the blank by the jaws the pivoted ends of thelatter are positioned relatively near the line ofthe blank, and themovement of the end of a jaw from its open position to the tin or blankline is considerably less than its movement from the tin-line to theclosed position. Therefore, in view of the fact that as stated, theto-and-fro movement of the jaw above the tin-line is accomplished insubstantially the same length of time as the to-and-fro movement belowthe blank line, it follows that the rate of travel of the a the jawtakes place.

jaw above the blank line is relatively slower except that they aredisposed appropriately in view of the opposed relation of the jaw, asshown.

It will thus be apparent that I have devised a bending mechanism whichis particularly'eifective and powerful for the performance of itsfunction becauseof the simplicity of its operative connections and its.

powerful toggle action, in which noise,

shock, strain, vibration, and Wear are relatively slight, and whoseoperation is harmonious with that of other parts of the as sembledmachine, and yet without the use of cams or other undesirableinstrumentalities. Cooperative with the bending means in a mannerpreviously referred to is the bumper 35. This device includes the bumperproper 35, which may be of any preferred construction, adapted tocontact with the interlocked edges of a can body, but which may wellcomprise, as shown, a U-shaped member 81,

between thearms of which is removablycarvried a bumper-steel 82. Fromthe lower ,end

of member 81 extends a piece 84, slidable in a guide 85 secured tothe'machine frame, and

a depending part 86 of member 81 is pivoted toone end of link 87. Saidlink 87 in order to cushion the bumper and render its action 40 uniform,is preferably made in two pieces, relatively movable, and with aninterposed spring cushion, and may well be constructed asshown in Figs.4 and As there illustrated the upper member 88 carries abifurcateddepending part 89, provided with elongated slots 90, as shown in Fig. 4,and in said slots extend and have slight play, :p'ins on thecorresponding interfitting part of lower member 91. At each end thelower member is provided with a well 93 for the accommodation of coiledsprings 94. Said springs bear respectively against beveled plates 95carried within the ends of-the upper member 88, and correspondingly bev-.eled blocks 96, having threaded portions97 extending through apertures98 in the ends of upper member 88 are also located within the ends ofthe upper member, engaging with beveled blocks 95, and in an obviousmanner causin the latter to regulate the pressure of springs 94 upon theturning-of nuts 92 upon the ends of threaded. extensions 97. 1 Risingfri m theendsof upper member 88 are journal members 99, suitably spacedto embrace the depending parts 86 of bumper 35,'a pin passing throughand pivotally connecting said part 86 and members 99, as shown in dottedlines, Fig. 3. Similarly, lower link member 91 is provided at its endswith, depending journal members 101, adapt ed to receive betweenthem theend of arm 102,

7 said journal members and arm 102, being pivotally connected as; by apin passing through suitable apertures therein, indicated in dottedlines, Fig. 3. Said arm 102 is fastened on a rock shaft 103 havinbearings in standards 25 and 26-. Also fast on shaft 103 is an arm 34,arm 102, shaft 103,

and arm 34 thus constituting in effect a bellcrank lever. .The outer endof arm 34; is

pivoted to an arm 105 that is in turn pivoted to a crank-disk 104 uponthe end of and coaxial with the shaft 8 exteriorly of standard 26. Theparts are of course such and so related that the bumper will be throwninto contact with the can body upon the horn immediately after the jaws29and 30 have closed.

It will be noted that the arm 102 and the cushioned link are relatedafter the manner of a toggle, and that in the bumping operation thetoggle is tending to straighten.

An important "feature in connection with the driving of the bending jawsand the bumper is the fact that shaft 8 has hearings in both standards25 and 26, and the eccentrics 27 and 28 for the jaws are mounted on theshaft between said bearings. Thus bending strains on the shaft due tothe jaw motion are minimized. Furthermore, the rock-shaft 103 hashearings in both standards 25 and 26, and the arm 102 is fast thereonbetween said bearings, so that in the operation of the bumper, noinjurious strains are transmitted to the main-operating shaft 8.

The operation of the mechanism herein described is believedto he plainfrom the explanations already made, and further detailed descriptionthereof is accordingly omitted.

It will also be apparent that the most important members and arrangementof the link motion which has been previously described, for operatingthe bending members is in those parts above the adjustable links 66, orin other words ifthe points 66 are oscillated or moved by any meansother than those shown, substantially the same resultwould be produced.

I desire it understood that I do not limit my claims by the details ofconstruction shown, in which I have simply illustrated one way ofembodying the creative part or conception of the invention in concreteform in a structure or machine.

The described devices are simply embodiments of the invention whichother structures might embody, and some of the parts,

40 movement of the bending-members, substantially as specified.

the shown and described devices as fall Within the scope of my inventionas indicated in the claims.

It is also to be understood that materials,

sizes, and-relativities of parts are unimpor-.

"tant, except as they are specified in the claims.

- Having thus described my'invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure byLet-J ters Patent is:

1. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members and mechanismfor operating said members, said mechanism including alink, lever, andcontrolling armhaving pivotal points so arranged that a dead centercondition is established at the end of the openingmovement of thebending members, substantially as specified.

a 2. In "combination, a forming horn, mov

able bending members and mechanism for operating said members, saidmechanism including a link, lever, and controlling arm having pivotalpoints so arranged. that a dead center condition is established at theend of each bending and opening movement of the bending -members,substantially as specified.

3. In combination, anexpansible horn, a bumper having a'cushioningmember,- movable bending members and mechanism for operating the bendingmembers, said mechanism including a toggle and being so. arranged 'thata substantially dead center condition is established between the membersof the mechanism at the end of the bending it. In combination, anexpansible horn, a bumper having a cushioning member, movable bendingmembers and mechanism for operating said members," said mechanismineluding a link, lever, and controlling arm .having pivotal pointssofarranged that a dead center condition is established at-"the end ofthe opening movement of the bending members, substantially as specified.

5. In combination, an expansible horn, a

,bumper having a cushioning member, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mwhanism including atoggle and being so arranged that a substantially dead centerconoperating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving the bending members,

driving member,' reciproca ting link motions operated therefrom andconnected to the bending members and so arranged that a period ofcomparative rest is approached at the end of the bending movement of thebending members, substantially as specified.

7. In combination, a forming horn, mov- "able bending members, andmechanism-for ,operating' the bending members, said mechanism includinga continuously moving driving, member, reciprocating link motionsoperated therefrom and connected to the bending members and so arrangedthat 'a period of comparative rest is approached at the end of theopening movement of the bending members, substantially as specified. v8. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members, and"mechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving driving; member, reciprocating link motions operatedtherefrom and connected to the bending members and so arrangedthat. aperiod of comparative rest is approached at the end of each of thebending and opening movements of the bending members, substantially asspecified.

9 In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinu- .ously moving driving member, reciprocating link motionsoperated therefrom and connected tothebending members, said link motionsincluding an adjustable link, and so arranged that a period ofcomparative rest is approached at the end of the bending movement of thebending members, substantially'asv specified.

'10. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable bending membersand mechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanismincluding a continuously moving driving member, reciprocat-' ing linkmotions'operated therefrom and connected to .thebending members, saidlink motions including an adjustable link, and so arranged that a periodof comparative rest is approached-at the end of the opening movement ofthe bending members, substantially as specified.

11. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable" bending membersand mechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanismincluding. a continuously moving driving member, reciprocats ing linkmotions operated therefrom and connected to the bending members, saidlink motions including an adjustable link and so arranged that a period.of comparative rest is approached at the end of each of the opening andbending movements of substantially as specified.

12. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving driving member, and link and lever conbers of themechanism at the end of the bending movement of the bending members,

substantially as specified. v.

13. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving driving member, and linkland'lever connectionsbetween the driving member and each of the bending members, saidmechanism having two sets of dead center conditionsproximated betweenthe difierent membersof the mechanism at the end of the opening.

movement ofthe bending members, substantially as specified.

' 14. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving driving member, and link and lever connectionsbetween the driving member and each of the bending members, saidmechanism having two sets of dead-center co-ndi-= tions proximatedbetween the different members of the mechanism at the end of each of thebending and. opening movements of the bending members, substantially asspecified. i I

15. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including acontinuously moving driving member,'and link and lever connectionsbetween the driving member and each of the bending members, saidmechanism having" two sets of dead center conditions proximated betweenthe different members of the mechanism at the end of each of the bendingand opening movements ofthe bending members, one set of the membersforming the dead center relation being included at each end of thebending and opening movements, substantially as specified.

16. In combination, a forming horn, a

bumper, movable bending members and mechanism for operating the bendingmembers, said mechanism including a continuously moving driving member,and adjustable link and lever connections between the driving member andeach of the bending members, said mechanism having two sets of deadcenter conditions proximated between the different members of themechanism at the end of the bending movement of the bending members,substantially as specified.

17. In combination, a forming horn, a

bumper, movable bending members and mechanism for operating the bendingmembers, said mechanism including a continuously moving driving member,and adjustable link and lever connections between the driving member andeach of the bending members, said mechanism having two sets of deadcenter conditions proximated between the different members of themechanism at the end of the opening movement of the bending members,substantially as specified.

18. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable bendin members andmechanism for operatingt e bending members, said mechanism including acont-inuiously movi driving member, and adjustable link anleve-r'connections between the driving member and each of the bendingmembers, said mechanism having two sets of dead center conditionsproximated between the difierent members of the mechanism at the end ofeach of the bending and opening movements of'the bending members,

substantially as specified.

19. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable bending membersand mechanism for operating thebending members, said mechanism includinga continu vously moving driving member, and adjustable link andleverconnections between the driving member and each of the bendingmembers, said mechanism having two sets of dead center conditionsproximated between the different members of the mechanism at the end ofeach of the bending and opening movements of the bending members, oneset oi the members forming the dead center relation being included ateach end of the bending and opening movements, substantially asspecified.

20. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism foroperating the bending members, said bending mechanismcomprising atoggle having one element thereof pivoted to a bendingmember and interposed members between the toggle and a continuouslyoperating driving member, whereby a substantially dead center conditionis established in the toggle at the end of the bending movement of thebending members, substantially as specified.

21. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism including atog le having an element thereof pivoted to a bending member, andmembers including a lever, link and a controlling arm interposed betweenthe toggle and a continuously opera-ting driving memher, said lever,link and controlling arm having pivotal connect-ions so arranged that asubstantially dead center condition is established at the end of theopening movement of the bending members, substantially as specified.

22. In combination, aforming horn, mo'v-' able bending members andmechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanism includin atoggle having an elementthereofpivotef to a bending member, and membersincluding a lever, link and a controlling arm interposed between thetoggle and a continuousl Y operating driving member, said .lever, linkand -controlling arm having pivotal connections so arranged that asubstantially dead center condition is established at the end of theopening movement of the bending members, and a substantially dead centercond'itionis also established in the toggle at the end of the bendingmovement of the bending members, substantially as specified.

23. In combination, a forming horn, a cushioned. bumper, movable bendingmembers and mechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanismcomprising an adjustable toggle having one elementthere-- of pivoted toa. bending member and interposed members between the toggle and a con:tinuously operating drivingmember, whereby a substantially'dead centercondition is established in the toggle at the end of the bendingmovement of the bending members, substantially as specified.

24. In combination, an expansible forming born, a bumper, movablebending memhers and mechanism for operating the bending members, saidmechanism including a toggle having an element thereof pivoted toabending member, and adjustable members including a lever, link and acontrolling arm interposed between the toggle and a continuouslyoperating driving member, said lever, link and controlling arm havingpivotal connections so arranged that a substantially dead centerconditionlis'establis'hed at the end of the opening movement of thebending members, substantially as specified.

25. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, movable bending membersand mechanism for operating the bending members, said mechanismcomprising an adjustable toggle having one element thereof pivoted to abending member, and adjustablemembers including a lever, link and acontrolling arm interposed between the toggle and a continuouslyoperating driving member, said lever, link and arm having pivotalconnections so arranged that a substantially dead center condition isestablished at the end of the bending movement of the bending membersand a substantially dead center condition is also established in thetoggle at the end of the bending movement of the bending members,substantially as specified.

.26. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism for moving the bending members at varying speeds, saidmechanism including a driving shaft having an eccentric thereon, togglestween the eccentric and the toggles,

connected to the bending members, links besaid toggles being adapted tobe straightened out at the end of one phase of movement of the bendingmembers, substantially as specified.

27. In combination, a forming horn, movable bending members andmechanism formoving the bending members at varying speeds, saidmechanism including a driving shaft. having an eccentric thereon,adjustable toggles connected to the bending members, links andcontrolling arms between the eccentric and the toggles, said togglesbeing adapted to be straightened out at the end of one phase of movementof the bending members, substantially as specified.

28. In combination, an expansible born, a cushioned bumper, movablebending members and mechanism for moving the bending members at varyingspeeds, said mechanism including a driving shaft having an eccentricthereon, toggles connected to the bending'members, links between theeccentric and the toggles, said toggles being adapted to be straightenedout at. the end of one phase of movement of the bending members,substantially as specified.

29. In combination, an expansible horn, a bumper having an adjustablecushioning member, movable bending members and mechanism for moving thebending members at varying speeds, said -mechanism including a drivingshaft having an eccentric thereon, toggles connected to the bendingmembers, links between the eccentric and the toggles, said toggles beingadapted to be straightened out at the end of one phase of 'movement ofthe bending members, substantially as specified. l

30. In combination, a horn, bending mem bers pivoted adjacent thereto,portions of which are adapted to-move back and forth and take positionson opposite sides of a plane tangential to the horn,'and mechanism formoving the bending members so that the back and forth'movement'on oneside of the plane is accomplished in ap roximately the same time as theback and orth movement on the opposite side of said plane, saidmechanism including, a toggle, substantially as specified.

31. In combination, a horn, bending members' pivoted adjacent thereto,portlons of which are adapted to move back and forth and take positionson opposite sides of a plane tangential to the horn, and mechanism formoving the bending members so that the 4 back and forth movement on oneside of the plane is accomplished in approximately the same time as theback and forth movementon the opposite side of said plane, saidmechanism including a toggle, a lever and a controlling arm,substantially'as' specified.

32. In combination, a horn, nding members pivoted adjacent thereto,portions of which are adapted to move back and forth and take positionson opposite sides of a plane tangential to the horn, and mechanism formoving the bending members so link, lever and controlling arm beingadaptthat the back and forth movement on one. side of the lane isaccomplished in approximately t esame time as the back and forthmovement on the opposite side of said plane, said mechanism including atoggle adapted to be straightened out at the end of the bending movementof the bending members, substantially as specified.

33. In combination, a horn, bending members pivoted adjacent zthereto,portions of which are adapted to move back andforth and take positionson opposite sides of a plane tangential to the horn, and mechanism formoving the bending members so that the back and forth moveinenton oneside of the plane is accomplished in approximately the same time as theback and forth movement on the opposite side of said plane, saidmechanism including a link, a lever and a controlling arm, the pivotalpoints of said ed to establish a substantially dead center condition atthe end of the opening movement of the bending members, substantially asspecified.

34. In combination, an expansible horn, a bumper operated by a togglemechanism so that the blow is delivered with a powerful stroke and at aver slow speed, bending members pivoted ad acent thereto, portions ofWhlCh are adapted to move back and forth and .take positions on oppositesides of a plane tangential to the horn, and mechanism for moving thebending members so that the back and rth movement on one side of theplane is accomplished in approximately the same time as the back and.forth movement on the opposite side of said plane, said 'mechanismincluding a toggle, substantially a second adjustable hnk pivoted to thefirst link, and means for reciprocating each second named link,substantially as specified.

37. In combination, a forming horn, a bumper, pivoted bending memberseach operated by a toggle connected thereto, and a link pivoted to eachtoggle, a controlling arm for each link, a second link pivoted to thefirst link and means for reciprocating each second named link,'saidsecond named links and bumper being operated from the Eagle drivingmember, substantially as speci- In witness whereof, I atiix my signaturein the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES \V. GRAHAM. Vitnesses:

B. W. COULDOOK, FRANK J. KENT.

